{"id":359,"date":"2021-09-07T07:20:40","date_gmt":"2021-09-07T04:20:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/istihbarat.club\/vitrin\/?p=359"},"modified":"2021-09-07T07:20:41","modified_gmt":"2021-09-07T04:20:41","slug":"kucuk-albert-deneyi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/istihbarat.club\/vitrin\/kucuk-albert-deneyi\/","title":{"rendered":"K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Albert Deneyi"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Albert deneyi, Amerikal\u0131 psikolog John B. Watson\u2019\u0131n \u00f6\u011frencisi\u00a0<strong>Rosalie Rayner<\/strong>\u00a0ile birlikte klasik ko\u015fullanman\u0131n insanlar \u00fczerindeki etkisini \u00f6l\u00e7mek amac\u0131yla Johns Hopkins \u00dcniversitesi\u2019nde ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi\u011fi bir deneydir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>John Broadus Watson<\/strong>\u00a0etik kurallar\u0131 hi\u00e7e sayarak, 8 ayl\u0131k bir bebek olan Albert \u00fczerinde tarihin en utan\u00e7 verici deneylerinden birini yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Watson \u201ckorku, insanda sonradan edinilen bir refleks mi yoksa do\u011fu\u015ftan gelen bir d\u00fcrt\u00fc m\u00fc?\u201d sorusunun cevab\u0131n\u0131 ararm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Deneyde Albert\u2019a s\u0131ras\u0131yla daha \u00f6nce hi\u00e7 kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 beyaz bir fare, tav\u015fan, yanan ka\u011f\u0131t par\u00e7alar\u0131, peruk, maske gibi nesneler ve durumlar g\u00f6sterilir. Bundaki ama\u00e7, Albert\u2019\u0131n bunlara ko\u015fulsuz kar\u015f\u0131 tepkisi olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 incelemektir. \u0130lk a\u015fama test sonu\u00e7lar\u0131na g\u00f6re Albert, g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc hi\u00e7bir nesneye kar\u015f\u0131 korku g\u00f6stermez; her \u015feye g\u00fcl\u00fcmser.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0130kinci a\u015famada, Albert bo\u015f bir odaya g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcr. Odada Albert\u2019\u0131n \u00fczerine oturdu\u011fu bez yatak haricinde hi\u00e7bir e\u015fya bulunmaz. Daha sonra Watson ve asistan\u0131 Rayner odadan \u00e7\u0131kar, yaln\u0131z b\u0131rakt\u0131klar\u0131 Albert\u2019\u0131n yan\u0131na beyaz laboratuvar faresi salarlar. Albert, fareden korkmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi, tam tersi bir tepki g\u00f6stererek fareyi \u00e7ok sever, yakalamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131p, g\u00fclmeye ba\u015flar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bir sonraki a\u015famada ise Albert, fareye her dokundu\u011funda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ekibi iki demir \u00e7ubu\u011fu (biri \u00e7eki\u00e7, di\u011feri \u00e7elik \u00e7ubuk) birbirine vurarak rahats\u0131z edici sesler \u00e7\u0131karmaya ba\u015flar. Sesleri duyan k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Albert a\u011flamaya ba\u015flar. Oda yeniden sessizle\u015fince fareyle oynamaya devam eden Albert, yine fareye dokundu\u011fu ilk anda psikologlar\u0131n \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131\u011f\u0131 o g\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fcl\u00fc sese maruz kal\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" data-src=\"https:\/\/istihbarat.club\/assets\/files\/2021-08-31\/1630429841-478864-illustration-little-albert-experiment-optimized.jpg\" alt=\"K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Albert Deneyi \u0130ll\u00fcstrasyon\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" class=\"lazyload\"><br><em>Kaynak:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Illustration_based_on_the_filming_of_the_Little_Albert_Experiment.jpg\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Vikipedi<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A\u011flamas\u0131 yat\u0131\u015f\u0131p, akl\u0131 tekrar fareye kayan Albert, dokunmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 an hep ayn\u0131 sesi duydu\u011fu i\u00e7in fareye dokunmaktan korkmaya ba\u015flar. Deneyi bir ka\u00e7 g\u00fcn boyunca tav\u015fan ve benzeri t\u00fcyl\u00fc nesneler ile yaparlar. hatta en son kendileri t\u00fcyl\u00fc kost\u00fcmler ile i\u00e7eri girerler ve Albert yine ayn\u0131 tepkiyi verir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>1920\u2019lerde yap\u0131lan bu deneyle bilim insanlar\u0131 ko\u015fullu korkuyu kan\u0131tlam\u0131\u015f olurlar. Deney sonunda bir olgu ke\u015ffedilmi\u015f ve kan\u0131tlanm\u0131\u015f olsa da bunun bedelini 8 ayl\u0131k bir bebe\u011fin \u00f6demesi ve yap\u0131lan ko\u015fulland\u0131rman\u0131n geriye almamas\u0131, \u00e7evrelerce b\u00fcy\u00fck tepki \u00e7eker.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ko\u015fullu korku deneyi sonras\u0131 iyile\u015ftirilmeyen Ger\u00e7ek ad\u0131 Douglas Merritte olan K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Albert beyaz ve t\u00fcyl\u00fc nesnelere kar\u015f\u0131 fobileri olan sa\u011fl\u0131ks\u0131z bir ki\u015fili\u011fe sahip \u015fekilde ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. 7. ya\u015f\u0131n\u0131 kutlayamadan hidrosefali\u2019den (beyinde su toplanmas\u0131) hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybetmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>John Watson, bu deney ve sonras\u0131nda yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalarla ko\u015fullu \u00f6\u011frenmeler sayesinde istenilen her davran\u0131\u015f\u0131n \u00e7ocuklara kazand\u0131r\u0131labilece\u011fi fikrini \u00f6ne s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Bu s\u00f6yleminden fikirlerine dair \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131mda bulunabilmekteyiz;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201c\u2019Bana rastgele bir bebek verin, soyu-sopu, yetenekleri, e\u011filimleri, becerileri, vs. ne olursa olsun, ondan istedi\u011fim \u015feyi yaratay\u0131m. Bir doktor, avukat, t\u00fcccar, hatta bir h\u0131rs\u0131z, bir katil.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Sizce ko\u015fullu korku veya ko\u015fullu \u00f6\u011frenme ayn\u0131 \u015fey mi ve korku ile her \u015feyin \u00f6\u011frenilmesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn m\u00fcd\u00fcr?<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Albert deneyi, Amerikal\u0131 psikolog John B. Watson&#8217;\u0131n \u00f6\u011frencisi\u00a0Rosalie Rayner\u00a0ile birlikte klasik ko\u015fullanman\u0131n insanlar \u00fczerindeki etkisini \u00f6l\u00e7mek amac\u0131yla Johns Hopkins \u00dcniversitesi&#8217;nde ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi\u011fi bir deneydir.\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":360,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[16],"tags":[12,31],"class_list":{"0":"post-359","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-bilim","8":"tag-bilim","9":"tag-psikoloji"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/istihbarat.club\/vitrin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/359","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/istihbarat.club\/vitrin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/istihbarat.club\/vitrin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/istihbarat.club\/vitrin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/istihbarat.club\/vitrin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=359"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/istihbarat.club\/vitrin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/359\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/istihbarat.club\/vitrin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/360"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/istihbarat.club\/vitrin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=359"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/istihbarat.club\/vitrin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=359"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/istihbarat.club\/vitrin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=359"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}