{"id":429,"date":"2022-08-23T21:37:59","date_gmt":"2022-08-23T18:37:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/istihbarat.club\/vitrin\/?p=429"},"modified":"2022-08-23T21:38:00","modified_gmt":"2022-08-23T18:38:00","slug":"dunyanin-en-buyuk-bakterisi-candidatus-thiomargarita-magnifica","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/istihbarat.club\/vitrin\/dunyanin-en-buyuk-bakterisi-candidatus-thiomargarita-magnifica\/","title":{"rendered":"D\u00fcnyan\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck bakterisi: &#8220;Candidatus Thiomargarita magnifica&#8221;"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Bilim insanlar\u0131, \u00e7\u0131plak g\u00f6zle g\u00f6r\u00fclebilen dev bir bakteri ke\u015ffetti.\u00a0<strong>Candidatus Thiomargarita magnifica<\/strong>\u00a0olarak adland\u0131rd\u0131klar\u0131 bakteri ince ve t\u00fcb\u00fcler yap\u0131s\u0131na ra\u011fmen, bir santimetreden daha uzun.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Karayipler\u2019deki Guadeloupe mangrov ormanlar\u0131nda \u00e7\u00fcr\u00fcyen yapraklar \u00fczerinde ya\u015fayan iplik benzeri bu bakteri, s\u00fclf\u00fcr\u00fc oksitleyerek ya\u015f\u0131yor ve bilinen di\u011fer bakterilerden en az 50 kat daha b\u00fcy\u00fck.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Biyolog\u00a0<strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/profile\/Olivier-Gros\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Olivier Gros<\/a><\/strong>, bakterileri ilk olarak 2009 y\u0131l\u0131nda Frans\u0131z Bat\u0131 Hint Adalar\u0131\u2018ndaki Antiller \u00dcniversitesi\u2018nde \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken Guadeloupe mangrovlar\u0131nda buldu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Gros, \u201cBa\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta, mantar gibi bir \u015fey oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fcm; bakteri de\u011fil, belki bir \u00f6karyot,\u201d diyor. Ke\u015ffini mikroskop alt\u0131nda inceleyen Gros, bir \u00f6karyota bakmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve \u00f6zel bir \u015fey buldu\u011funu fark etti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>2018\u2019de ABD California\u2018daki Lawrence Berkeley Ulusal Laboratuvar\u0131\u2018ndan deniz biyolo\u011fu\u00a0<strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/profile\/Jean-Marie-Volland\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Jean-Marie Volland<\/a><\/strong>, bakterileri daha yak\u0131ndan inceleyerek tek h\u00fccre oldu\u011funun do\u011frulanmas\u0131na yard\u0131mc\u0131 oldu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 \u015eubat ay\u0131nda bir \u00f6n bask\u0131da bildirdikten sonra \u015fimdi de makaleleri\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.science.org\/doi\/10.1126\/science.abb3634\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Science\u2019da yay\u0131mland\u0131<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Makalede, \u2018\u00e7\u0131plak g\u00f6zle g\u00f6r\u00fclebilen bir bakteri olan Candidatus (Ca.) Thiomargarita magnifica bakterisinin olduk\u00e7a karma\u015f\u0131k oldu\u011fu ve geleneksel bakteri h\u00fccresi kavramlar\u0131na meydan okudu\u011fu\u2019 belirtildi. Thiomargarita bakteri ailesinde ba\u015fka t\u00fcrler de var, ancak en b\u00fcy\u00fc\u011f\u00fc sadece 750 mikrometre uzunlu\u011funda.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Volland ke\u015ffi \u015f\u00f6yle anlat\u0131yor:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Ba\u015fka bir ba\u011flam i\u00e7inde anlatmak gerekirse bu, Everest Da\u011f\u0131 uzunlu\u011funda bir insanla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fmak gibi.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>T. magnifica\u2019n\u0131n, boyutundan daha ilgin\u00e7 \u00f6zellikleri de var: Di\u011fer bakterilerde, genellikle sadece bir dairesel kromozom \u015feklinde h\u00fccre i\u00e7inde serbest\u00e7e y\u00fczen genetik materyal, T. magnifica\u2019da genetik bilgi bu pepinlerin y\u00fcz binlercesinde saklan\u0131yor. Bunlar\u0131n her biri, protein yapmak i\u00e7in DNA\u2019dan gelen talimatlar\u0131 \u00e7eviren molek\u00fcler makineler olan DNA ve ribozomlar i\u00e7eriyor. Pepinler toplu olarak genomun 700 bin kopyas\u0131na ev sahipli\u011fi yapar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pepinlerin hepsinin ayn\u0131 genetik materyal, ribozom ve protein kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7erip i\u00e7ermedi\u011fini belirlemek i\u00e7in daha yak\u0131ndan bak\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekiyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nature dergisine konu\u015fan Washington \u00dcniversitesi\u2018nden Petra Levin, ke\u015ffie dair \u015f\u00f6yle diyor:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>\u201cEvrimi ger\u00e7ekten k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcmsememeliyiz, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc nereye gidece\u011fini tahmin edemeyiz. Bu \u015feyin var oldu\u011funu tahmin edemezdim, ama \u015fimdi g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcme g\u00f6re, evrimin bu noktaya kadar olan mant\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rebiliyorum.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bilinen en b\u00fcy\u00fck bakteriler: 750 micrometre<br>Bu bakteri: 9000 micrometre (9 mm)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tek \u00f6zelli\u011fi boyutu de\u011fil. Normal \u015fartlar alt\u0131nda bakterilerin genetik materyalleri h\u00fccre i\u00e7inde ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z ve da\u011f\u0131n\u0131k halde bulunurken bu bakteride d\u00fczenli yap\u0131lar bulunuyor. [kaynak:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/35737788\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" target=\"_blank\">pubmed<\/a>\u00a0]\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p>Kaynak: Ye\u015filgazete<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Bilim insanlar\u0131, \u00e7\u0131plak g\u00f6zle g\u00f6r\u00fclebilen dev bir bakteri ke\u015ffetti.\u00a0Candidatus Thiomargarita magnifica\u00a0olarak adland\u0131rd\u0131klar\u0131&hellip;\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":430,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[16,40],"tags":[12,42],"class_list":{"0":"post-429","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-bilim","8":"category-doga-ekoloji","9":"tag-bilim","10":"tag-doga-ve-ekoloji"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/istihbarat.club\/vitrin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/429","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/istihbarat.club\/vitrin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/istihbarat.club\/vitrin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/istihbarat.club\/vitrin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/istihbarat.club\/vitrin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=429"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/istihbarat.club\/vitrin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/429\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/istihbarat.club\/vitrin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/430"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/istihbarat.club\/vitrin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=429"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/istihbarat.club\/vitrin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=429"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/istihbarat.club\/vitrin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=429"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}