{"id":486,"date":"2023-01-08T21:11:53","date_gmt":"2023-01-08T18:11:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/istihbarat.club\/vitrin\/?p=486"},"modified":"2023-01-08T21:28:45","modified_gmt":"2023-01-08T18:28:45","slug":"simone-de-beauvoir","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/istihbarat.club\/vitrin\/simone-de-beauvoir\/","title":{"rendered":"Simone de Beauvoir"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Simone de Beauvoir (Simone de Beauvoir, 9 Ocak 1908 \u2013 14 Nisan 1986), Feminist hareketin kurucular\u0131ndan Frans\u0131z varolu\u015f\u00e7u yazar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ecole Normale Sup\u00e9rieure de Paris\u2019ten mezun oldu. Beauvoir, 1908\u2019de Paris\u2019te do\u011fdu, 1929\u2019da Paris \u00dcniversitesi\u2019nden felsefe diplomas\u0131 ald\u0131 ve Frans\u0131z felsefe \u00f6\u011fretmeni yeterlilik s\u0131nav\u0131n\u0131 ge\u00e7ti. 1945\u2019te Jean-Paul Sartre ve Maurice Meg-Ponty ile birlikte varolu\u015f\u00e7ulu\u011fu te\u015fvik etmeye adanm\u0131\u015f \u201cModern\u201d dergisini kurdu. 1949\u2019da yay\u0131nlanan \u0130kinci Cins , ideolojik \u00e7evrede b\u00fcy\u00fck yank\u0131 uyand\u0131rd\u0131 ve bir feminizm klasi\u011fi haline geldi. 1954\u2019te \u201d Mutlu \u00dcnl\u00fc \u201d adl\u0131 roman\u0131yla Goncourt Edebiyat \u00d6d\u00fcl\u00fc<\/strong>\u2018n\u00fc kazand\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n

Goncourt Akademisi Edebiyat \u00d6d\u00fcl\u00fc, Fransa\u2019n\u0131n en \u00f6nemli edebiyat \u00f6d\u00fcllerinden olup, 2006\u2019da 100. kez sahibini bulmu\u015ftur. Bir yazara birden fazla kez verilmemektedir. Bunun tek istisnas\u0131, \u00f6d\u00fcl\u00fc 1956\u2019da kendi ad\u0131yla, 1975\u2019te ise Emile Ajar ad\u0131yla yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 roman\u0131yla alan Romain Gary\u2019dir. (kaynak: Wikipedia)<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

Simone de Beauvoir\u2019\u0131n edebi ve akademik ge\u00e7mi\u015fi<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

9 Ocak 1908\u2019de Paris\u2019te nispeten muhafazakar ve varl\u0131kl\u0131 bir ailede d\u00fcnyaya gelen Beauvoir\u2019in tam ad\u0131 Simone Lucy-Ernastin-Marie-Portrand de Beauvoir\u2019d\u0131r. Babas\u0131 mahkemede savunma avukat\u0131, annesi dindar bir Katoliktir. Her iki ebeveyn de Katolik, ancak Simone de Beauvoir \u00e7ocuklu\u011fundan beri ailesinin kariyer ve evlilik d\u00fczenlemelerini reddetmi\u015f ve g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir ge\u00e7mi\u015fi vard\u0131r, ailesi ve toplumun bask\u0131lar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k istemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1914 y\u0131l\u0131nda Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda babas\u0131n\u0131n avukatl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n i\u015fi etkilenmi\u015f ve ailenin hayat\u0131 zorla\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu nedenle Beauvoir\u2019\u0131n gen\u00e7li\u011fi s\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 ve kapal\u0131 bir aile ortam\u0131nda ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

19 ya\u015f\u0131nda ki\u015fisel bir \u201cBa\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k Bildirgesi\u201d yay\u0131nlad\u0131 ve \u201cHayat\u0131m\u0131 asla ba\u015fka birinin iradesine g\u00f6re \u015fekillendirmeyece\u011fim\u201d dedi. O d\u00f6nemde Fransa\u2019n\u0131n ilk y\u00fcksek \u00f6\u011frenim kurumu olan Ecole Normale Sup\u00e9rieure\u2019de okurken Sartre, Merleau Ponty , Levi Strauss ve 2. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019ndan sonra t\u00fcm ideolojik \u00e7evreyi etkileyen di\u011fer yeteneklerle edebiyat arkada\u015f\u0131 oldu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1929\u2019da \u00fcniversiteden mezun olduktan sonra \u00fcniversite \u00f6\u011fretmeni \u00fcnvan\u0131 i\u00e7in felsefe s\u0131nav\u0131na girmeye haz\u0131rlan\u0131yordu. S\u00f6zl\u00fc s\u0131navda partneri Sartre\u2019d\u0131. Sonunda Sartre birinci, Simone ikinci oldu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1931\u2019de E\u011fitim Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131, Simone de Beauvoir\u2019\u0131 Akdeniz k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131ndaki Marsilya\u2019da \u00f6\u011fretmenlik yapmas\u0131 i\u00e7in atad\u0131. Simone, 1943\u2019te ilk roman\u0131 Konuk K\u0131z (L\u2019Invit\u00e9e) adl\u0131 Rouen okulundaki \u00f6\u011frencilerinden Olga Kosakiewicz ile olan kronik lezbiyen ili\u015fkisinin \u00f6yk\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc yay\u0131mlad\u0131. Bu \u00f6yk\u00fc ayn\u0131 zamanda de Beauvoir ile Sartre aras\u0131ndaki karma\u015f\u0131k ili\u015fkiyi ve ili\u015fkinin bu \u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc ili\u015fkiden nas\u0131l zarar g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc anlat\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1949\u2019da iki ciltlik \u201c\u0130kinci Cins\u201d yay\u0131mland\u0131. Bu iki ciltte, feminist m\u00fccadele i\u00e7in resmi ve teorik bir arg\u00fcman ortaya koyuyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eyl\u00fcl 1955\u2019te Beauvoir 47 ya\u015f\u0131ndayken Sartre ile \u00c7in h\u00fck\u00fcmetinin davetini kabul ederek iki ayl\u0131\u011f\u0131na birlikte \u00c7in\u2019i ziyaret ettiler ve iki y\u0131l sonra \u201cUzun Y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u201d kitab\u0131n\u0131 yay\u0131nlad\u0131lar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sovyetler Birli\u011fi 1968\u2019de \u00c7ek Cumhuriyeti\u2019ni i\u015fgal etti\u011finde, Beauvoir derhal Sovyet Yazarlar Birli\u011fi ile t\u00fcm ba\u011flar\u0131n\u0131 kesti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1980\u2019de Sartre\u2019\u0131 kaybeder Simone de Beauvoir, Sartre\u2019\u0131 anmak i\u00e7in ikinci y\u0131l\u0131nda son kitab\u0131 \u201cVeda T\u00f6reni\u201dni yay\u0131mlar. Kitap, Sartre\u2019\u0131n alacakaranl\u0131k y\u0131llar\u0131na girdi\u011fi son on y\u0131l\u0131ndaki ahenkli ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 anlat\u0131yor. Simone, sonraki y\u0131llar\u0131nda Sartre\u2019\u0131n ona yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u015fk mektuplar\u0131n\u0131 yay\u0131nlad\u0131. Kitab\u0131n ad\u0131 Sartre\u2019a Mektuplar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

14 Nisan 1986\u2019da Simone de Beauvoir, 78 ya\u015f\u0131nda Paris\u2019teki Cochamp Hastanesinde akci\u011fer \u00f6deminden \u00f6ld\u00fc. Beauvoir, Sartre ile birlikte Paris\u2019teki Montparnasse Mezarl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019na g\u00f6m\u00fcld\u00fc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Simone<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Simone de Beauvoir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce yap\u0131s\u0131<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u0130nsan\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131, yani ontoloji, her zaman Beauvoir\u2019\u0131n \u00f6ncelikli ilgi alan\u0131 olmu\u015ftur. Ruh ve bedenin b\u00fct\u00fcnle\u015fmesini ve \u00e7arp\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 insan varolu\u015fu ve ya\u015fam-\u00f6l\u00fcm ili\u015fkisi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan inceler. Yaln\u0131zl\u0131k, Beauvoir\u2019\u0131 insan bedeninin ve zihninin, \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn ve varolu\u015fun olumsall\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmeye te\u015fvik etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cVarolu\u015f\u00e7ulu\u011fun vaftiz annesi\u201d olan Beauvoir, edebiyat\u0131, insan\u0131n temel sorunlar\u0131na duydu\u011fu derin ilgiden yola \u00e7\u0131karak yaratm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130nsan nedir, insan nas\u0131l ya\u015far, insan nas\u0131l ya\u015famal\u0131 romanlar\u0131n\u0131n de\u011fi\u015fmez konular\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Toplumdan \u00e7ok bireyleri \u00f6nemser.Tarih ve siyasetin tan\u0131m\u0131, bireysel kendini ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirme i\u00e7in kurulmu\u015ftur: insanlar\u0131n \u201cmutluluklar\u0131ndan\u201d \u00e7ok \u201c\u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklerini\u201d \u00f6nemser, insanlara cehaletten veya yaln\u0131zl\u0131ktan \u00e7\u0131kmalar\u0131na yard\u0131m eder. \u201cger\u00e7ek benli\u011fi\u201d ke\u015ffetmeyi ama\u00e7lar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Beauvoir, bireysel ya\u015fam konusunda yaln\u0131zca karamsar de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 zamanda ya\u015fam\u0131n de\u011ferinin ve t\u00fcm insani toplumsal geli\u015fme tarihinin ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesi konusunda da \u00e7aresizdir. Ona g\u00f6re hayat yaln\u0131zd\u0131r, hayat\u0131n ve toplumun \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131 ve gelece\u011fi yoktur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Simone de Beauvoir hakk\u0131ndaki ele\u015ftiriler<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Beauvoir tart\u0131\u015fmal\u0131 bir ki\u015filiktir.Muhafazakarlar onu erkeklere d\u00fc\u015fman olmakla, kad\u0131n ve erkek aras\u0131ndaki farkl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131 g\u00f6rmezden gelmekle ve geleneksel aile kavram\u0131n\u0131 yok etmekle su\u00e7lad\u0131lar.Baz\u0131lar\u0131 onun g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerini e\u015fitlik\u00e7i buldu ve sadece bu de\u011fil, baz\u0131 feministler taraf\u0131ndan da ele\u015ftirildi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c\u0130kinci Cins\u201d adl\u0131 eseri, bir zamanlar \u201ccinsel a\u00e7g\u00f6zl\u00fcl\u00fck\u201d, \u201ccinsel so\u011fukluk\u201d, \u201cfahi\u015fe\u201d, \u201cnikoz hastas\u0131\u201d, \u201clezbiyen\u201d ve di\u011fer k\u00f6t\u00fc s\u00f6zler gibi \u015fiddetli ve \u015fiddetli sald\u0131r\u0131lara maruz kalmas\u0131na neden oldu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Simone de Beauvoir Eserleri<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
T\u00fcrk\u00e7e Ad\u0131<\/strong><\/th>Orjinal Ad\u0131<\/strong><\/th>T\u00fcr<\/strong><\/th>Yay\u0131m Y\u0131l\u0131<\/strong><\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
Konuk K\u0131z<\/td>L\u2019invit\u00e9e<\/td>Roman<\/td>1943<\/td><\/tr>
Pyrrhus ve Cineas<\/td>Pyrrhus et Cin\u00e9as<\/td>Deneme<\/td>1944<\/td><\/tr>
Ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131n Kan\u0131<\/td>Le Sang des autres<\/td>Roman<\/td>1945<\/td><\/tr>
Kim \u00d6lecek?<\/td>Les Bouches inutiles<\/td>Drama<\/td>1945<\/td><\/tr>
Her Erkek \u00d6l\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr<\/td>Tous les hommes sont mortels<\/td>Roman<\/td>1946<\/td><\/tr>
Belirsizlik ahlak\u0131 \u00dczerine<\/td>Pour une morale de l\u2019ambigu\u00eft\u00e9<\/td>Deneme<\/td>1947<\/td><\/tr>
\u0130ki Cins<\/td>Le Deuxi\u00e8me Sexe<\/td>Sosyoloji \u00c7.<\/td>1949<\/td><\/tr>
Mandarinler<\/td>Les Mandarins<\/td>Roman<\/td>1954<\/td><\/tr>
Uzun Y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f<\/td>La Longue Marche<\/td>Makale<\/td>1955<\/td><\/tr>
Bir Gen\u00e7 K\u0131z\u0131n An\u0131lar\u0131<\/td>Memoirs of a Dutiful Daughter<\/td>Otobiyografi<\/td>1958<\/td><\/tr>
Olgunluk \u00c7a\u011f\u0131<\/td>The Prime of Life<\/td>Otobiyografi<\/td>1960<\/td><\/tr>
Ko\u015fullar\u0131n G\u00fcc\u00fc<\/td>Force of Circumstance<\/td>Otobiyografi<\/td>1963<\/td><\/tr>
Sessiz Bir \u00d6l\u00fcm<\/td>Une mort tr\u00e8s douce<\/td>Biyografi<\/td>1964<\/td><\/tr>
G\u00fczel G\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcler<\/td>Les Belles Images<\/td>Roman<\/td>1966<\/td><\/tr>
Yok Edilen Kad\u0131n<\/td>La femme rompue<\/td>K\u0131sa Hikayeler<\/td>1967<\/td><\/tr>
\u00c7a\u011f\u0131n Geli\u015fi<\/td>La Vieillesse<\/td>Deneme<\/td>1970<\/td><\/tr>
Her \u015eey S\u00f6ylendi ve Bitti<\/td>All Said and Done<\/td>Otobiyografi<\/td>1972<\/td><\/tr>
\u2013<\/td>When Things of the Spirit Come First<\/td>K\u0131sa Hikayeler<\/td>1979<\/td><\/tr>
Veda T\u00f6reni<\/td>La C\u00e9r\u00e9monie des adieux<\/td>An\u0131<\/td>1981<\/td><\/tr>
Sartre\u2019a Mektuplar<\/td>Letters to Sartre<\/td>Hat\u0131ra<\/td>1990<\/td><\/tr>
A\u015fk Mektuplar\u0131<\/td>A Transatlantic Love Affair: Letters to Nelson Algren<\/td>Otobiyografi<\/td>1998<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Simone de Beauvoir (Simone de Beauvoir, 9 Ocak 1908 – 14 Nisan 1986), Feminist hareketin kurucular\u0131ndan Frans\u0131z varolu\u015f\u00e7u yazar.\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":487,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[26,21,19,34],"tags":[14,4,7,36],"class_list":{"0":"post-486","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-felsefe-ve-fikir","8":"category-kisiler","9":"category-kultur-ve-sanat","10":"category-sosyoloji","11":"tag-felsefe-ve-fikir","12":"tag-kisiler","13":"tag-kultur-ve-sanat","14":"tag-sosyoloji"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/istihbarat.club\/vitrin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/486","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/istihbarat.club\/vitrin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/istihbarat.club\/vitrin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/istihbarat.club\/vitrin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/istihbarat.club\/vitrin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=486"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/istihbarat.club\/vitrin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/486\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/istihbarat.club\/vitrin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/487"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/istihbarat.club\/vitrin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=486"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/istihbarat.club\/vitrin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=486"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/istihbarat.club\/vitrin\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=486"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}